![]() ![]() Regulation of planktonic bacterial growth rates: the effects of temperature and resources. ![]() The microbial engines that drive earth’s biogeochemical cycles. How are we forging conceptual, analytical, and mechanistic links between microbial community structure and ecosystem process? FEMS Microbiol. Relationships between protein-encoding gene abundance and corresponding process are commonly assumed yet rarely observed. Microbes as engines of ecosystem function: when does community structure enhance predictions of ecosystem processes? Front. Do we need to understand microbial communities to predict ecosystem function? A comparison of statistical models of nitrogen cycling processes. We view this proposed framework, gleaned from a breadth of research on environmental microbiomes and ecosystem processes, as a promising pathway with the potential to advance discovery and understanding across a broad range of microbiome science. Existing methods in microbial ecology can be applied to more explicitly elucidate properties within each of these three categories of microbial characteristics and connect them with each other. We posit that it is particularly important to distinguish microbial community properties that can be predicted using constituent taxa (community-aggregated traits) from those properties that cannot currently be predicted using constituent taxa (emergent properties). Here, we identify three distinct categories of microbiome characteristics (microbial processes, microbial community properties and microbial membership) and propose a framework to empirically link each of these categories to each other and the broader system-level processes that they affect. We propose that research focused on how microbiomes influence the systems they inhabit should work within a common framework and target known microbial processes that contribute to the system-level processes of interest. ![]() The reliance on correlative approaches limits the potential to expand the inference of a single relationship to additional systems and advance the field. One reason for this challenge is that relationships between characteristics of microbiomes and the system-level processes that they influence are often evaluated in the absence of a robust conceptual framework and reported without elucidating the underlying causal mechanisms. Translating the ever-increasing wealth of information on microbiomes (environment, host or built environment) to advance our understanding of system-level processes is proving to be an exceptional research challenge. ![]()
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